How to create custom Tools

Prerequisites

This guide assumes familiarity with the following concepts:

• LangChain tools
• Agents

When constructing your own agent, you will need to provide it with a list of Tools that it can use. While LangChain includes some prebuilt tools, it can often be more useful to use tools that use custom logic. This guide will walk you through how to use these tools.

In this guide, we will walk through how to do define a tool for two functions:

1. A multiplier function that will multiply two numbers by each other
2. A made up search function that always returns the string “LangChain”

The biggest difference here is that the first function requires an object with multiple input fields, while the second one only accepts an object with a single field. Some older agents only work with functions that require single inputs, so it’s important to understand the distinction.

tool function

Only available in @langchain/core version 0.2.X and above.

The tool function is used to wrap a generic JavaScript/TypeScript function, along with additional arguments that define your tool. The tool function will return an instance of the StructuredTool class, so it is compatible with all the existing tool calling infrastructure in the LangChain library.

import { z } from "zod";
import { tool } from "@langchain/core/tools";

const adderSchema = z.object({
  a: z.number(),
  b: z.number(),
});
const adderTool = tool(
  (input: z.infer<typeof adderSchema>): Promise<string> => {
    const sum = input.a + input.b;
    return Promise.resolve(`The sum of ${input.a} and ${input.b} is ${sum}`);
  },
  {
    name: "adder",
    description: "Adds two numbers together",
    schema: adderSchema,
  }
);

await adderTool.invoke({ a: 1, b: 2 });

The sum of 1 and 2 is 3

DynamicStructuredTool

Newer and more advanced agents can handle more flexible tools that take multiple inputs. You can use the DynamicStructuredTool class to declare them. Here’s an example - note that tools must always return strings!

import { DynamicStructuredTool } from "@langchain/core/tools";
import { z } from "zod";

const multiplyTool = new DynamicStructuredTool({
  name: "multiply",
  description: "multiply two numbers together",
  schema: z.object({
    a: z.number().describe("the first number to multiply"),
    b: z.number().describe("the second number to multiply"),
  }),
  func: async ({ a, b }: { a: number; b: number }) => {
    return (a * b).toString();
  },
});

await multiplyTool.invoke({ a: 8, b: 9 });

"72"

DynamicTool

For older agents that require tools which accept only a single input, you can pass the relevant parameters to the DynamicTool class. This is useful when working with older agents that only support tools that accept a single input. In this case, no schema is required:

import { DynamicTool } from "@langchain/core/tools";

const searchTool = new DynamicTool({
  name: "search",
  description: "look things up online",
  func: async (_input: string) => {
    return "LangChain";
  },
});

await searchTool.invoke("foo");

"LangChain"